The 75 Ohm VNA for DOCSIS deployment
DOCSIS 4.0 extends usable bandwidth toward 1.8 GHz and potentially up to 3 GHz in the future. Because DOCSIS networks are inherently 75 ohm systems, measurement accuracy depends strongly on how well test equipment aligns with that impedance.
While 50 ohm Vector Network Analyzers have traditionally dominated RF measurement, adapting them to a 75 ohm plant introduces a significant mismatch at the instrument boundary. Calibration can mathematically correct for this discontinuity, but the correction increases sensitivity to drift, reduces meas...
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Measuring Power Plane Impedance Flatness and POL Stability
With the increase in current slew rates within modern FPGAs and high-density digital platforms, the objective of power distribution network (PDN) design has evolved to ensuring that impedance remains flat and well-damped versus frequency.
Although many point-of-load (POL) reference designs satisfy datasheet transient specifications in isolation, their stability margins often erode when coupled to the distributed impedance of real PCB power planes. Recent industry surveys suggest that a substantial portion of POL reference designs, on the or...
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Time Domain Gating as a Measurement Tool, Not a Feature
Time domain gating is thought of as a feature that can be turned on or off, but this undersells its ability to reshape S-Parameter measurements by selectively including or excluding portions of the measured response.
Time domain gating is used to isolate or suppress an irrelevant region of a measurement and is a useful tool that extends what can be achieved with a VNA. Copper Mountain Technologies' Senior Scientist, RF Applications details how engineers can use this tool to:
• Remove fixtures and adapters without full S-parameter characte...
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TIDALFLUX 2300, Accurate Flow Measurement in a Partially Full Pipe
Accurate flow measurement in partially filled pipes—without moving parts or flow constraints.
The KROHNE TIDALFLUX 2300 is an electromagnetic flowmeter specifically designed for reliable measurement in partially filled pipes and gravity-driven wastewater applications. Using a full-bore, obstruction-free measuring tube and advanced signal processing, it accurately captures bidirectional and highly variable flows without the need for flumes or weirs. With no moving parts, the sensor is resistant to clogging and wear, making it ideal for hars...
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Accelerating Wastewater Innovation Through Hydraulics Laboratories
Drive smarter wastewater solutions with the power of advanced hydraulics laboratory testing.
Discover how innovative research, simulation, and performance validation help accelerate wastewater treatment efficiency, reduce operational risks, and support sustainable infrastructure development.
Download the whitepaper to explore how hydraulics laboratories enable faster innovation, optimized system design, and improved environmental outcomes for modern wastewater management.
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